What factors result in wind-induced effects such as sliding, uplift, and overturning?

Wind-induced effects such as sliding, uplift, and overturning are primarily the result of wind loads acting on structures. These effects arise due to the dynamic nature of wind, which applies lateral forces that can significantly influence a building's stability and safety. Wind loads can vary in intensity based on factors like wind speed, direction, and the shape of the building, leading to complex interactions with the structure.

Sliding refers to the horizontal movement that can occur when wind forces push against a building's surface, potentially leading to a loss of footing. Uplift occurs when wind velocity creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of a roof or other structural elements, lifting them off their supports. Overturning happens when wind loads are sufficient to cause a building or structural component to rotate around its base, posing a risk of tipping over.

The other factors mentioned, such as static loads, seismic loads, and dead loads, contribute to a building's overall stability but do not specifically account for the dynamic effects imposed by wind. Static loads are the constant loads due to gravity, seismic loads are the forces generated during an earthquake, and dead loads are the permanent weights of structural components. While important for structural design, these loads do not directly relate to the specific wind